Dab tsi koj daim ntawv them nqi tooj liab qhia tseeb rau koj: Tus Neeg Yuav Khoom Qhia Txog Tus Nqi Muag Khoom

Nug cov neeg siv khoom lag luam feem ntau txog lawv cov nqi tooj liab, thiab cov lus teb rov qab los ntawm cov nyiaj hauv ib phaus lossis euros ib kilogram, feem ntau pegged rau LME tus nqi lawv pom ntawm lub vijtsam thaum sawv ntxov.

Cov lus teb ntawd tsis tiav. Tej zaum txaus ntshai li ntawd.

Tus nqi ntawm tooj liab cathode- cov hlau nyoos pauv ntawm London Hlau Txauv - tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov tiag tiag tsaws ntawm qhov chaw txais khoom. Nyob ntawm cov khoom, specification, thiab cov saw saw,tus nqi LME tuaj yeem sawv cev tsawg li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi xa khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab tiav.

Lwm 40%-cov nqi tsim khoom, cov nqi them nyiaj alloy, kev kho mob saum npoo, cov nqi thauj khoom, thiab cov nqi qis dua ntawm qhov zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab- tau txais kev saib xyuas tsawg dua li qhov nws tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no yog cov nqi sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg muag khoom, nruab nrab ntawm cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj hwm zoo thiab tsis zoo- tswj cov txheej txheem kev yuav khoom.

Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no nthuav tawm cov ntawv xa nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab los ntawm kab, piav qhia tias txhua yam sawv cev dab tsi, vim li cas nws txawv, thiab -qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws -qhov twg cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tsom lawv cov xim kom ua tiav cov nqi txo qis yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo lossis kev xa khoom.

Ib tug raug coj mus muag invoice rauindustrial tooj liabntawm ib nrab- cov khoom tiav- tooj liab raj, tooj liab busbar, tooj liab sawb, tooj liab fittings- muaj ntau yam nqi sib txawv:

Base Hlau Tus Nqi
Tus nqi ntawm cov ntsiab lus tooj liab nws tus kheej, suav los ntawm kev muab cov khoom lag luam tooj liab los ntawm tus nqi siv (feem ntau LME, COMEX, lossis SHFE).

Fabrication Fee (Processing Charge)
Tus nqi ntawm kev hloov tooj liab cathode lossis pas nrig rau hauv daim ntawv teev ib nrab - tiav. Qhov no suav nrog kev ua haujlwm, lub zog, cov khoom siv txo qis, cov cuab yeej siv, thiab tus neeg tsim khoom cov paj.

Alloy lossis Qib Premium
Cov nqi ntxiv rau cov qib tooj liab dhau ntawm cov qauv electrolytic tawv pitch (C11000), xws li oxygen- dawb tooj liab (C10100), tellurium tooj liab (C14500), los yog chromium zirconium tooj liab (C18150).

Kev kho deg lossis plating
Tus nqi ntawm tin plating, nyiaj plating, npib tsib xee plating, lossis lwm yam kev hloov kho saum npoo tau teev tseg los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.

Ntim
Tus nqi ntawm kev xa tawm- ntim tsim nyog- ntoo crates, pallets, tiv thaiv wrapping, noo noo thaiv.

Logistics thiab Freight
Dej hiav txwv lossis huab cua freight, kev tuav pov hwm, nqi chaw nres nkoj, kev lis kev cai brokerage, kev thauj mus los hauv av.

Cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab ua raws
Cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv xeem, RoHS/REACH cov ntaub ntawv ua raws, thiab lwm yam - kev tshuaj xyuas thib peb.

Kev nkag siab txog txhua yam hauv kev sib cais yog qhov tseem ceeb.Kev nkag siab tias lawv cuam tshuam li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm tus nqi zoo.

Lub hauv paus hlau feem ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab zoo li ncaj nraim: tooj liab qhov hnyav tau muab faib ua tus nqi LME. Hauv kev xyaum, ntau qhov kev hloov pauv nyuaj rau qhov kev suav no.

Nqe twg, hnub twg?

Copper fabricators tsis yog txhua tus siv tib txoj kev ntsuas tus nqi. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li:

Order date pricing:LME tus nqi them nyiaj ntsuab nyob rau hnub txais yuav daim ntawv xaj

Tus nqi xa khoom hnub:Tus nqi them nyiaj LME rau hnub uas cov khoom xa tuaj

Tus nqi nruab nrab txhua hli:Qhov nruab nrab ntawm tus lej lej ntawm LME cov nqi them nyiaj ntsuab dhau ib lub hlis teev tseg

Tus nqi ruaj khov:Tus nqi kaw rau lub sijhawm teev tseg, feem ntau suav nrog tus nqi pheej hmoo

Txhua txoj kev hloov tus nqi pheej hmoo ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom thiab tus muag khoom.Kev txiav txim hnub tus nqi muab tus neeg yuav khoom muaj tseeb thaum lub sijhawm cog lus tab sis nthuav tawm lawv kom khuv xim yog tias tus nqi poob qis. Kev xa khoom hnub tus nqi tso cai rau tus neeg yuav khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm tus nqi poob tab sis tsim kev tsis paub txog nyiaj txiag. Txhua hli tus nqi nruab nrab smooths txhua hnub volatility tab sis lags lag luam nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qhia.

Cov neeg yuav khoom uas nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem xaiv cov txheej txheem uas ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog lawv lub koom haum kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai thiab kev tswj nyiaj txiag.

Qhov txiaj ntsig

Copper yog tus nqi hauv US las ntawm LME. Cov neeg yuav khoom uas nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog euros, phaus sterling, yen, lossis lwm lub txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig txhais lus rau saum cov khoom lag luam pheej hmoo.

A 5% ntxiv dag zog rau cov nyiaj duas las tawm tsam tus neeg yuav khoom hauv zos txiaj tau zoo nce tus nqi tooj liab los ntawm 5%, txawm tias LME tus nqi tsis hloov.Kev txav nyiaj txiag thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tso thiab kev them nyiaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nqi kawg hauv cov lus hauv zos.

Qee tus neeg yuav khoom hais qhov no los ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyiaj txiag. Lwm tus tsuas yog lees txais qhov volatility raws li tus nqi ntawm kev ua lag luam. Ob txoj hauv kev yog siv tau-tab sis qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum nco ntsoov, tsis yog yuam kev.

Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab thiab tawm los poob

Qhov hnyav tooj liab siv rau tus nqi yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam cov khoom tiav cov ntsiab lus tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg tsim khoom tsim cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom poob-txiav cov khoom, cov tshuab txiav, cov pob tw extrusion kawg. Qhov kev poob tawm no yog tus nqi tiag tiag uas yuav tsum tau rov qab los ntawm qhov chaw.

Qee tus neeg tsim khoom tsim cov txiaj ntsig poob rau hauv tus nqi tsim khoom. Lwm tus kho qhov hnyav tooj liab siv rau tus nqi (piv txwv li, nqi 105 kg ntawm tooj liab rau 100 kg tiav).Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nkag siab txog qhov uas lawv cov neeg siv khoom siv thiab xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev suav yog tsim nyog rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb geometry.

Tus nqi fabrication yog qhov twgtooj liab fabrication pricingtoj roob hauv pes ua tiag tiag complex. Ob tus neeg muag khoom hais txog LME zoo ib yam- cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem muab cov nqi tsim khoom uas txawv ntawm 30% lossis ntau dua. Nkag siab vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas cov tsav tsheb.

Txheej txheem complexity

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau tsim cov khoom lag luam txiav txim siab ntau ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom:

Extrusion ib leegyog tus nqi qis - nqi ib kilogram

Extrusion ntxiv rau kev kos duabkom meej qhov ntev ntxiv tus nqi

Txiav rau qhov ntevntxiv tus nqi tsawg

Drilling, xuas nrig ntaus, los yog slottingntxiv tus nqi nruab nrab nyob ntawm qhov ntau thiab cov qauv

Khoov los yog tsimntxiv tus nqi proportional rau complexity

Multi-pab kev tsimnrog ntau qhov kev teeb tsa ntxiv tus nqi ntawm txhua theem

Ib yam khoom uas zoo li "yooj yim" hauv CAD daim duab yuav xav tau tsib qhov kev ua haujlwm sib cais, txhua tus nqi ntxiv thiab sijhawm ua haujlwm.

Production Volume Economics

Fabrication tus nqi nthuav tawm muaj zog kev lag luam ntawm nplai. Ib daim ntawm kev cai -fab tooj liab busbar yuav nqa tus nqi fabrication ntawm € 50. Ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm 500 daim zoo ib yam tuaj yeem nqa tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm € 8 ib thooj. Qhov sib txawv qhia txog kev teeb tsa tus nqi amortization.

Cov neeg yuav khoom uas tuaj yeem sib sau cov kev xav tau thoob plaws ntau qhov haujlwm lossis ntau lub hlis feem ntau ua tiav qhov qis dua rau ib -cov nqi tsim khoom.

Tolerance Requirements

Kev lag luam tus qauv kam rau ua rau cov khoom siv tooj liab feem ntau ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb. Tight tolerances -± 0.05mm ntawm thickness es tsis txhob ± 0.10mm, piv txwv li- yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov kauj ruam ua, ntau zaus cov cuab yeej hloov, thiab cov nqi tshuaj xyuas ntau dua.

Txhua qhov chaw decimal nyob rau hauv ib qho kev zam tshwj xeeb muaj tus nqi.Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias kev ua siab ntev nruj yog qhov xav tau tiag tiag rau kev ua haujlwm. Engineering conservatism uas nruj tolerances "tsuas yog kom muaj kev nyab xeeb" ntxiv tus nqi yam tsis tau ntxiv tus nqi.

Standard C11000 electrolytic tawv pitch tooj liab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm feem ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal. Nws conductivity tshaj 100% IACS, nws formability yog zoo heev, thiab nws cov nqi yog lub hauv paus tiv thaiv lwm yam alloys yog ntsuas.

Alternative alloys command premiums rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb:

C10100 Oxygen-Tooj liab dawb

Hwm tshaj C11000: 8-15%

Oxygen- tooj liab dawb tshem tawm cov microscopic tooj liab oxide hais muaj nyob hauv ETP tooj liab. Qhov no txhim kho ductility, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hydrogen embrittlement thaum lub sij hawm siab - kub brazing, thiab muab marginally zoo hluav taws xob conductivity.

Cov ntawv thov uas tus nqi them yog tsim nyog:Daim ntawv thov nqus tsev vacuum, siab -cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj kev ntseeg siab, sib sib zog nqus- kev kos duab uas yuav tsum muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws.

Cov ntawv thov uas C11000 txaus:Feem ntau ntawm hluav taws xob busbar, transformer windings, thiab kev siv dav dav.

C14500 Tellurium tooj liab

Hwm tshaj C11000: 12-20%

Tellurium ntxiv ua kom zoo dua qub, tso cai rau kev txiav nrawm dua, ua kom tiav qhov zoo dua, thiab lub neej ntev dua. Kev lag luam tawm - tawm yog txo qis hauv hluav taws xob conductivity rau kwv yees li 93% IACS.

Cov ntawv thov uas tus nqi them yog tsim nyog:Cheebtsam uas yuav tsum tau siv dav machining- cov khoom sib txuas, tig qhov chaw, kev sib cuag hluav taws xob zoo.

Cov ntawv thov uas C11000 txaus:Cheebtsam uas feem ntau tsim es tsis machined.

C18150 Chromium Zirconium tooj liab

Hwm tshaj C11000: 25-40% lossis ntau dua

Cov hlau no muaj lub zog ntau dua ntawm qhov kub siab thaum tswj kev ua tau zoo (~ 80% IACS). Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tsis kam welding electrodes thiab lwm yam siab -kub siv hluav taws xob.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab xaiv alloy sawv cev yog ib lub sijhawm loj tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj tus nqi hauv kev yuav khoom tooj liab.Cov kws kho tsheb qee zaum qhia cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws tawm ntawm tus cwj pwm los yog kev txuag thaum cov qhab nia yuav ua tau zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm alloy specifications-zoo tagnrho nrog cov tswv yim los ntawm ob qho tib si engineering thiab kev yuav khoom- tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov nyiaj khaws cia tseem ceeb yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm.

Kev kho deg rau cov khoom siv tooj liab pab peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb: kev tiv thaiv corrosion, txhim kho hluav taws xob tiv tauj, thiab txhim kho solderability. Txhua qhov kev xaiv muaj tus nqi sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm sib txawv.

Tooj liab (tsis muaj kev kho mob)

Tus nqi: Baseline

Copper's natural oxide txheej yog conductive thiab nws tus kheej - txwv, tab sis nws tsis zoo nkauj zoo ib yam thiab tej zaum yuav tsis ua raws li cov neeg xav tau ntawm cov tsos. Rau kev sib txuas hluav taws xob sab hauv qhov twg qhov tsos yog qhov thib ob, tooj liab liab yog ua haujlwm tag nrho.

Kev tiv thaiv roj txheej

Nqi: tsawg kawg nkaus ntxiv

Ib zaj duab xis nyias ntawm cov roj tiv thaiv qeeb oxidation thaum khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los. Qhov no yog tus qauv kev coj ua rau ntau yam khoom siv tooj liab thiab feem ntau suav nrog hauv tus nqi tsim khoom.

Tin Plating

Tus nqi: 5-12% ntxiv rau tag nrho cov nqi khoom, nyob ntawm thickness thiab kev pab them nqi

Tin plating yog qhov chaw ua hauj lwm saum npoo kho rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tooj liab. Nws tiv thaiv cov tooj liab oxidation, muab qhov qis - tiv thaiv qhov chaw, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv. Feem ntau cov hluav taws xob busbar specifications hu rau tin plating.

Tus nqi tsav tsheb rau tin plating feem ntau yog cov plating thickness thiab cov kev pab them nqi.Kev xaiv plating (tsuas yog nyob rau thaj chaw sib cuag) raug nqi tsawg dua qhov kev pabcuam tag nrho. Thicker plating rau qhov hnyav ib puag ncig tus nqi ntau dua li cov qauv lag luam thickness.

Nyiaj Plating

Tus nqi: 15-30% ntxiv rau tag nrho cov nqi khoom

Silver plating muab qhov kev tiv thaiv qis tshaj plaws thiab tau teev tseg rau siab -kev sib txuas hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv switchgear thiab circuit breaker. Cov nyiaj hwm nyiaj qhia txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem plating ntau dua.

Nickel plating

Tus nqi: 10-20% ntxiv

Nickel muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev thiab tawv, hnav- tiv taus nto. Nws yog feem ntau teev raws li ib tug underlayer rau nyiaj los yog tin plating es tsis yog ib tug kawg tiav rau tooj liab.

Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo zoo sib xws cov kev pabcuam tiag tiag.Tshaj - qhia txog - yuav tsum tau plating nyiaj thaum lub tin txaus, los yog xav tau kev pab them nqi tag nrho thaum xaiv plating yuav ua hauj lwm- ntxiv cov nqi yam tsis tau ntxiv cov nqi ua haujlwm.

Dej hiav txwv freight tus nqi, chaw nres nkoj congestion, nqi tsheb thauj mus los hauv av, thiab cov nqi kev lis kev cai clearance collectively sawv cev ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov nqi xa khoom rau tooj liab.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj,Cov nqi logistics nthuav tawm qhov tsis muaj zog uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ceev nyiaj khaws cia ua tiav hauv lwm yam nqi.

Xav txog tus neeg sawv cev scenario:

Copper busbar xaj: 5,000 kg

LME tooj liab tus nqi: $ 9,800 / ton

Tus nqi tsim khoom: $ 1,200 / ton

Dej hiav txwv freight (Asia mus rau Europe): $ 1,800 ib 20-foot thawv

Ntawm cov nqi no, tag nrho tus nqi xa tawm ib tuj yog kwv yees li $ 12,000. Lub hiav txwv freight tivthaiv sawv cev txog 6% ntawm tag nrho.

Tam sim no xav txog tus nqi thauj khoom nce siab ntawm hom pom thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam cov saw hlau tsis ntev los no. Yog tias qhov chaw tus nqi dhia mus rau $ 4,500 rau ib lub thawv, cov khoom thauj khoom nce mus rau 15% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi-nce sib npaug rau $ 900 ib tuj txav hauv LME tooj liab.

Cov neeg yuav khoom uas ua kom zoo tshaj tus nqi tooj liab rau qhov ze tshaj $ 25 ib tuj thaum tsis quav ntsej tus nqi thauj khoom yog tswj hwm qhov sib txawv me me thiab tsis quav ntsej qhov loj dua.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg yuav khoom tooj liab:

Muab cov khoom xa tuaj yog tias ua tau.Lub thawv ntim tag nrho (FCL) nqa qis dua rau ib -kilogram freight nqi tsawg dua - dua -container-load (LCL) shipping.

Xav txog lub sijhawm khoom xa tuaj nrog rau tus nqi thauj khoom raws caij nyoog.Peak season surcharges feem ntau yog siv txij lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli. Kev txiav txim rau lub sijhawm xa mus rau sab nraum lub qhov rais no zam cov nqi no.

Ntsuas tag nrho cov nqi tsaws, tsis yog ex- tus nqi ua haujlwm.Ib tus neeg muag khoom nrog tus nqi tsim khoom me ntsis tab sis txoj haujlwm kev xa khoom zoo dua (ze rau qhov chaw nres nkoj loj, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom) tuaj yeem muab tus nqi qis dua.

Qee cov nqi tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam nrog kev yuav khoom tooj liab yeej tsis tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv xa nyiaj lag luam. Lawv tshwm sim rau lwm qhov hauv P&L- lossis qhov phem dua, lawv tsis tshwm sim txhua yam kom txog thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim.

Tus nqi ntawm Kev Ua Tsis Zoo

Cov khoom siv tooj liab uas ua tsis tau raws li qhov tshwj xeeb - qhov ntev tsis raug, qhov chaw tsis zoo, tsis zoo conductivity - tsim cov nqi deb tshaj tus nqi ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Cov kab ntau lawm nres, kev ua haujlwm rov ua haujlwm, kev hloov pauv sai sai, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom puas yog tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

Cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tus neeg muag khoom uas txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem zoo, tshuaj xyuas cov peev txheej tsim khoom, thiab kev lees paub cov ntawv pov thawj tsis yog nyiaj siv ua haujlwm. Nws yog kev pov hwm tiv thaiv cov nqi uas tuaj yeem tshaj tag nrho tus nqi ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tooj liab.

Tus nqi xa tuaj lig

Tus nqi tooj liab tuaj txog lig yog qhov xwm txheej - nyob ntawm tab sis tsis tshua muaj xoom. Kev xa khoom xa tuaj qeeb qeeb uas thawb lub tshuab hloov pauv dhau los ntawm nws cov neeg siv khoom cog lus hnub yuav raug nplua lossis poob siab zoo. Kev xa khoom xa mus qeeb ntawm lub raj tooj liab uas tsis ua haujlwm HVAC cov kab ntau lawm raug nqi zog thiab nyiaj siv ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam tawm.

Cov neeg muag khoom uas pom tau tias muaj kev cia siab rau kev xa khoom tsim nyog tau txais kev txiav txim siab dhau ntawm lawv cov nqi ib kilogram.

Tus nqi ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Muag Khoom

Tus nqi sab hauv ntawm kev tswj cov khoom siv tooj liab sib raug zoo-sourcing, quoting, purchase order issuance, expediting, invoice processing, quality documentation management-yog tiag. Ib tus neeg muag khoom uas muab kev sib txuas lus meej, cov ntaub ntawv raug, thiab kev txhawb nqa ua rau txo cov nqi sab hauv.

Tus nqi qis tshaj plaws los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom uas yuav tsum tau mus tas li thiab kho tsis tshua muaj tus nqi qis tshaj plaws.

Siv tautooj liab khoom nqikev tswj xyuas yuav tsum tau txav mus dhau tus nqi-ib -kilogram piv rau kev ntsuas ntau dua. Lub moj khaum uas ntes cov nqi tseem ceeb yuav suav nrog:

Direct Costs (Tshem tawm ntawm Invoice)

Base hlau nqi (LME + pricing methodology hloov)

Fabrication fee

Alloy premium (yog muaj)

Tus nqi kho deg (yog tias muaj)

Ntim

Freight thiab logistics

Cov dej num thiab tariffs

Indirect Costs (Tsis Tshwm Sim Hauv Invoice)

Kev ua tsis tau zoo txaus ntshai tus nqi (keeb kwm tsis raug tus nqi × tus nqi tsis ua haujlwm)

Tus nqi xa khoom tuaj lig (keeb kwm ntawm - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm × tus nqi qeeb)

Tus nqi tswj hwm sab hauv (lub sijhawm pab pawg neeg muag khoom ib tus neeg muag khoom)

Cov khoom nqa nqa tus nqi (yog tias xa khoom ntxov lossis qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txiav txim kom muaj nuj nqis tuav cov khoom muag)

Lub hom phiaj tsis yog tsim kom muaj ib daim ntawv nthuav dav rau txhua qhov kev yuav khoom. Lub hom phiaj yog tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab txog qhov twg cov nqi zais tiag tiag.

Tus neeg yuav khoom uas nkag siab tias lub peev xwm plating yog lub hauv paus caj dab thaum Q2 yuav ua tib zoo mloog rau cov txheej txheem plating thiab plating cov kab ke, tsis yog tus nqi LME xwb. Tus neeg yuav khoom uas nkag siab tias kev xa khoom ib nrab ntawm - lub thawv khoob ob npaug rau ib - kilogram freight nqi yuav nrhiav kev sib sau ua ke. Ib tus neeg yuav khoom uas nkag siab tias kev xaiv alloy tsav ob qho khoom siv thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav koom nrog engineering thaum ntxov ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim.

Cov no yog cov neeg yuav khoom uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig- tsis yog vim lawv sib tham nyuaj, tab sis vim tias lawv tswj tau ntse dua.

Tooj liab yog ib yam khoom ntawm qib cathode. Nws yog ib yam dab tsi tab sis ib yam khoom ntawm qib tivthaiv.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi tooj liab ntawm LME thiab cov khoom siv tooj liab ua tiav cov nqi xa mus rau lub Hoobkas hauv pem teb yog cov lej ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab - txog cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, cov chaw muag khoom, sijhawm, thiab kev xa khoom. Txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab sawv cev rau lub sijhawm los ntxiv cov nqi tsis tsim nyog lossis txhawm rau khaws tus nqi tiag.

Cov neeg yuav khoom uas vam meej hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig tam sim no yog cov neeg paub tias lawv lub luag haujlwm tsis yog tsuas yog hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj plaws.Lawv lub luag haujlwm yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv tooj liab zoo, ntawm qhov zoo, tuaj txog ntawm lub sijhawm, ntawm tus nqi tag nrho uas ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau kev lag luam.

Qhov ntawd yog tus qauv xav tau ntau dua. Nws xav tau kev nkag siab tsis yog tus nqi tooj liab hnub no xwb, tab sis vim li cas nws thiaj li them nws ua, thiab qhov twg cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob los txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig.

Daim ntawv qhia nyiaj qhia ib zaj dab neeg. Cov saw hlau qhia tag nrho zaj dab neeg. Cov neeg yuav khoom ntse nyeem ob qho tib si.