Tooj liab yog tus ntshiab, ib qho hlau, thiab txhua yam ua los ntawm nws muaj tib yam khoom. Brass, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab, zinc thiab lwm yam hlau. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau cov hlau txhais tau tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha los txheeb xyuas txhua tus tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tham txog cov kev mus rau kev sib txawv ntawm Brass thiab tooj liab. Cov hau kev no muaj raws li hauv qab no.
Xim Cim
Ntxuav ob qho hlau ua kom pom tseeb. Sij hawm dhau los, ob qho tooj liab thiab tooj dag yuav tsim tsa ib lub patina. No patina no feem ntau ntsuab hauv cov xim. Sim ua rau lub tsho looj tu tu cov hlau ntxuav thaum cov hlau qub tuaj yeem pom. Thaum cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm rau ob qho hlau, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua los siv tooj liab thiab tooj dag tu cov khoom. Tso cov hlau hauv qab lub teeb dawb. Hauv qhov no, yog cov hlau yuav raug txheeb tau yog polished, lub teeb cuav yuav raug suav tau txog ntawm kev pom. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog saib nws nyob rau hauv lub teeb xim dawb fluorescent lossis tshav ntuj. Thov zam tsis txhob siv cov teeb lub teeb daj rau kev txheeb xyuas. Txheeb xyuas cov xim liab tooj liab. Nws yog cov hlau ntshiab nrog cov xim liab-xim av, kos rau tooj daj. Tooj dag yog tus tooj liab thiab zinc. Sib txawv proportions ntawm zinc hauv tooj liab ua cov xim sib txawv. Rau feem ntau ntawm feem ntau, cov khoom siv uas nquag siv tooj dag muaj qhov muag daj lossis daj-xim av zoo ib yam li tooj dag. Lwm hom tooj dag muaj cov tsos daj ntsuab-daj, thiab cov alloy no yog lub npe hu ua "hlau gilded". Nws tau txwv siv nyob rau hauv cov mos txwv thiab dai kom zoo nkauj. Kuaj cov xim liab lossis txiv kab ntxwv tooj dag. Thaum cov hlau ntawm cov tooj daj ib qho muaj tsawg kawg yog 85% tooj liab, nws yuav saib liab-xim av lossis txiv kab ntxwv. Hom tooj daj no feem ntau siv rau cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab kav dej. Yog li, ib qho hint ntawm daj, txiv kab ntxwv lossis kub qhia tau tias cov hlau yog tooj dag thiab tsis tooj liab. Txheeb xyuas lwm daim brasses. Tooj dag nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo Zinc tuaj yeem tshwm ntsej muag ci kub, dawb, grey, lossis daj daj-dawb. Cov hom ntawm alloys tsis muaj vim tias lawv tsis txiav tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem pom lawv siv hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Lwm txoj hauv kev txheeb xyuas
Kev siv lub suab: txij li tooj liab yog cov hlau muag muag, nws ua cov suab muag muag, sib npaug thaum tsoo lub suab tawm tsam lwm qhov; Kev xeem tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1987 piav txog tooj liab li "tuag", thaum tooj liab ua lub suab ntshiab, lub suab nrov. Yog tsis muaj kev paub dhau los, nws nyuaj rau qhia hauv txoj kev no. Qhov xov xwm zoo yog tias kev kawm no txoj kev dhau lub sijhawm yog pab tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv qub lossis sau nyiam nyiam nyiam. Txoj kev no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau txoj kev txhim khu kev qha. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog saib rau cov lej cim tseg. Rau feem ntau ntawm feem ntau, tooj dag cov khoom tsim tawm rau cov laj thawj muaj feem ntau tau paub cov lej. Hauv European thiab North American tshuab, Daj twj muaj cov cim uas pib nrog "C" ua raws li ntawm ob peb tus lej. Feem ntau, tooj dag yog unmarked.
Thaum nws los txog kev tsim qauv thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo lossis cov khoom siv xaiv tau rau cov hlau txoj cai rau daim ntawv thov yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom paub txog. Thaum ob qho tib si ntawm cov hlau (tooj liab thiab tooj dag) muab cov thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, lub zog, thiab lwm yam, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv.
Thaum ob qho tib si tooj liab thiab tooj dag muaj ruaj, lawv tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ib yam nkaus. Tooj liab-dawb tooj liab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv loj tshaj plaws, hluav taws xob conduction, thiab ductility, thaum bronze muaj cutability.
Hais txog kev siv dav dav, tooj dag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj rau cov ntawv thov cov ntawv thov. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim uas tau cam, tus pheej yig, thiab muaj cov kev sib txhuam qis qis. Tooj dag yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov khoom hniav thiab cov hlau uas cov neeg kov tau txhua hnub, xws li cov rooj. Nws yog qhov haum rau cov qib zaub mov hauv kev ua zaub mov noj uas tiv thaiv kab mob microbial thiab kab mob yuav tsum muaj.
