C61400 Aluminium Bronze: Txhais thiab Scope
UNS C61400 yog ib qho txhuas bronze nyob rau hauv uas txhuas yog qhov tseem ceeb alloying ntxiv rau tooj liab thiab hlau ua ob qho tib si ntxiv dag zog thiab cov nplej refiner. Nws tsis yog tooj liab -zinc- tin alloy, thiab cov alpha, beta thiab gamma theem terminology uas belongs rau tooj dag tsis piav txog qib no. Cov hlau yog muab kev lag luam raws li tus pas nrig thiab bar rau ASTM B150 / B150M, ua phaj, ntawv thiab sawb rau ASTM B171 / B171M, thiab ua seamless condenser thiab cua sov-exchanger raj rau ASTM B111 / B111M. Forgings thiab machined Cheebtsam yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv zeb.
Vim tias qib raug xaiv rau lub zog ua ke nrog kev pabcuam dej hiav txwv es tsis yog rau kev siv hluav taws xob, ob yam uas tswj nws tus cwj pwm: ntau npaum li cas txhuas tau tuav hauv cov kua hauv cov tooj liab lattice, thiab yuav ua li cas cov hlau - nplua nuj intermetallic hais qhov loj thiab faib. Ob qho tib si raug kho thaum lub sij hawm melting, casting thiab kub ua hauj lwm, yog li lub microstructure ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li chemistry luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj zeb.
Chemical Composition thiab Phase Structure
Cov qauv khoom siv tib qhov txwv tsis pub siv rau ob lub ntsiab lus alloying, thiab qhov sib npaug yog tooj liab nrog cov kev txwv seem ntawm zinc, manganese, npib tsib xee thiab lwm yam khoom. Aluminium muab cov khoom muaj zog- kev daws teeb meem thiab tseem tswj cov theem twg tuaj yeem tsim tau, thaum hlau muaj solubility tsawg heev nyob rau hauv tooj liab- nplua nuj matrix thiab ua ke nrog txhuas los ua cov khoom sib txawv intermetallic.
| Element | Yam yuav tsum tau muaj | Muaj nuj nqi |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 6.0 - 8.0 % | Khoom- daws teeb meem; tswj theem sib npaug thiab tiv thaiv zaj duab xis |
| Hlau | 1.5 - 3.5 % | Cov ntaub ntawv hlau-aluminium intermetallic hais thiab ua kom zoo dua cov qauv cam khwb cia |
| Tooj | Sib npaug, ib txwm li ntawm 90% | Matrix hlau; muab thermal conductivity thiab ductility |
| Zinc, manganese, nickel thiab residuals | ASTM B150 / B150M, B171 / B171M thiab B111 / B111M | Khaws qis kom tsis txhob muaj qhov hloov pauv tsis xav tau thiab poob ntawm ductility |
Nyob rau hauv lub aluminium ntau npog los ntawm C61400, lub wrought qauv muaj ib lub ntsej muag -centred-cubic alpha matrix ua ke nrog hlau- nplua nuj kappa theem raws li hlau aluminide. Cov khoom no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb lub morphologies nyob ntawm keeb kwm thermal: coarse hais tsim thaum lub sij hawm solidification, finer particles precipitated nyob rau hauv cov khoom, thiab zoo heev dispersions uas cuam tshuam lub dislocation txav. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog dab tsi ua rau lub zog ntawm qib ua ke nrog nws cov kev tiv thaiv rau galling thiab yaig.
Txias tus nqi thaum lub sij hawm solidification muaj ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm lub as- nrum qauv. Kev tswj kom txias ceev ceev khaws cov txhuas ntau dua hauv cov tshuaj supersaturated thiab muab cov khoom tawg yooj yim ntawm cov hlau- cov khoom nplua nuj tom qab ua haujlwm kub, thaum txias qeeb coarsens cov khoom thiab tuaj yeem tawm mus txuas ntxiv uas txo cov ductility. Kev ua haujlwm kub yog li ntawd tau ua nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais tswj qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub point ntawm lub beta theem teb yuav tshwm sim, yog li ntawd cov khoom tiav tseem yog ib tug alpha-plus-kappa qauv.
Mechanical Properties
C61400 sib xyaw ua ke lub zog tensile zoo tshaj qhov sib xyaw alpha tooj dag nrog lub zog tawm los uas yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze, thaum elongation tseem tsim nyog rau kev tsim thiab cuam tshuam haum. Qhov yuav tsum tau minima rau ib daim ntawv muab khoom thiab temper yog teem los ntawm cov qauv khoom siv; cov kab hauv qab no yog qhov qhia txog kev lag luam ib txwm muaj thiab muab raws li qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li qhov txwv tsis pub muaj.
| Khoom | Tus nqi ib txwm, kub- ua haujlwm lossis ua tiav | Saib |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile zog, Rm | txog 480 - 560 MPa | Cov nqi siab dua tau mus txog thaum txias - ua haujlwm kub |
| Yield zog, Rp0.2 | txog 200 - 290 MPa | Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj alpha tooj dag ntawm sib npaug temper |
| Elongation, A5 | 25% los yog ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lub annealed mob | Poob raws li kev txo qis qis |
| Hardness | txog 110 - 160 HBW | Tracks qhov ntim feem thiab dispersion ntawm kappa theem |
| Modulus ntawm elasticity | txog 117 GPa | Siv rau qhov tawv nqaij -tsim txwv |
Ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thaum lub rooj no siv rau kev tsim qauv. Ua ntej, C61400 tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov los ntawm nag lossis daus: lub zog los ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib tov, los ntawm intermetallic hais thiab los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm txias, yog li cov pa ib txwm hardening voj voog tsis siv. Qhov thib ob, tensile zog txo qis ntawm qhov kub siab thaum lub alloy ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, uas ua rau nws siv tau rau cov dej hiav txwv sov thiab cov txheej txheem ntws ntau dua li qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias.
Corrosion thiab hnav tus cwj pwm hauv kev pabcuam
C61400 yog teev rau cov twj tso kua mis, li qub thiab marine hardware vim nws tus cwj pwm hauv chloride-cov kabmob ib puag ncig. Aluminium-nplua nuj tiv thaiv zaj duab xis tsim sai sai rau ntawm lub tshuab tshiab lossis abraded nto thiab rov qab- cov ntaub ntawv tom qab kev puas tsuaj, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov seawater corrosion thiab impingement thiab cavitation yaig. Cov hlau ntxiv txhawb kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawd. Kev pabcuam hauv dej hiav txwv piping, valve trim thiab marine shafting qhia txog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntau dua li ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Lub ntsiab txwv yog rhiab heev rau ammoniacal ib puag ncig. Aluminium bronzes tuaj yeem raug kev nyuaj siab -corrosion cracking thaum raug ammonia lossis ammonium compounds thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo no raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntsuas ammoniacal xws li ASTM B858 es tsis yog los ntawm chemistry ib leeg. Cov kev ntxhov siab uas nyob hauv machining lossis dabtsi yog khoov yuav tsum tau so ua ntej ib feem nkag mus rau ammonia-kev pabcuam kabmob. Xaiv qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm qib siab -zinc theem yog qhov teeb meem tooj dag ntau dua li qhov teeb meem ntawm txhuas bronze, vim C61400 tsis muaj zinc txuas ntxiv - theem nplua nuj.
Hnav tsis kam ua raws li cov qauv qub. Cov tawv intermetallic particles nqa load thiab tiv taus hlau-rau-hlau sib cuag, uas yog vim li cas cov qib yog siv rau cab iav, hnav strips thiab twj tso kua mis hnav rings, thiab yog vim li cas nws yog feem ntau ua ke nrog ib tug hardened steel counterface. Qhov twg fretting los yog galling yuav tsum, nto tiav thiab lubrication xyaum tseem ceeb npaum li cas alloy xaiv.
Kev ua haujlwm, Kev kho cua sov thiab tshuaj xyuas
C61400 tau yooj yim machined, kub tsim thiab txias tsim, tab sis txhua txoj haujlwm muaj lub qhov rais nyiam. Kub ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntau yam uas ib txwm pom zoo rau txhuas bronze, nrog ib tug xov kub siab txaus kom tsis txhob tawg thiab tsawg txaus los khaws cov zoo kappa dispersion. Kev ua haujlwm txias ua rau lub zog thiab hardness, nrog rau qhov txo qis qis los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv elongation. Kev ntxhov siab-relief annealing, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 500 - 650 degrees Celsius band ua raws li kev tswj kom txias, rov ua kom cov ductility thiab txo qis kev cuam tshuam thiab kev ntxhov siab uas tsis muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov qauv.
Kev koom ua ke yog ua los ntawm kev sib tsoo, los ntawm cov pa roj-shielded arc vuam nrog cov muab tub lim, thiab los ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab kev tiv thaiv. Welded pob qij txha feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv lub annealed mob thiab raug soj ntsuam rau porosity, vim hais tias txhuas bronzes tsim ib tug tenacious refractory oxide uas yuav raug daig ntawm fusion ciam teb. Rau condenser raj, nthuav mus rau hauv daim ntawv raj yog txoj kev ib txwm txuas es tsis yog vuam.
Kev soj ntsuam cov khoom lag luam tawm tswv yim rau cov khoom xa tawm C61400 suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas kub tiv thaiv ASTM B150 / B150M, B171 / B171M lossis B111 / B111M raws li tsim nyog, tshaj tawm ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj zeb.
Tensile xeem rau ASTM E8 / E8M thiab hardness testing rau ASTM E18 ntawm cov qauv coj los ntawm cov zaus uas tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv xaj khoom.
Metallographic ntsuam xyuas ntawm grain loj thiab kappa theem faib siv cov nplej -loj xyaum ntawm ASTM E112.
Tsis yog-kev tshuaj xyuas kev puas tsuaj: ultrasonic lossis eddy- kev sim tam sim no rau lub raj thiab bar, kev ntsuas dej nkag rau cov tshuab thiab cov welded nto.
Qhov twg siv kawg suav nrog ammonia lossis ammonium compounds, ammoniacal stress-corrosion test rau ASTM B858.
Dimensional verification, marking thiab traceable cov ntaub ntawv kom lub tshav kub ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum matched mus rau lub tiav ib feem.
FAQ
Q: Puas yog C61400 yog tooj dag lossis tooj liab?
Nws yog aluminium bronze. Cov txheej txheem alloying yog tooj liab-aluminium- hlau, yog li cov lus alpha, beta thiab gamma theem siv rau tooj dag tsis piav qhia nws, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus zinc yog cov khoom seem uas tsis yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Q: C61400 puas tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm kev kho cua sov?
Tsis yog. Kev ua kom muaj zog yog los ntawm txhuas hauv cov khoom sib tov, los ntawm hlau-aluminium intermetallic hais thiab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Kev kho cua sov yog siv rau annealing thiab kev ntxhov siab, tsis yog rau hardening.
Q: Nws lub zog piv nrog tooj dag zoo li cas?
Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv tempers lub yield zog ntawm C61400 yog ntau ntau dua li ntawm alpha tooj dag xws li C26000, thaum elongation tseem txaus rau tsim, uas yog vim li cas nws yog xaiv rau load- bearing fittings thiab twj tso kua mis qhov chaw.
Q: Nws puas tsim nyog rau kev pabcuam dej hiav txwv?
Yog lawm. Nws tiv taus cov dej hiav txwv dav dav corrosion, impingement thiab cavitation thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov twj, li qub, condenser raj ntawv thiab marine hardware. Kev pabcuam ammoniacal yuav tsum muaj kev soj ntsuam cais los ntawm kev xeem ASTM B858.
Q: Cov ntawv zeb twg muaj?
Cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm yog pas nrig thiab bar rau ASTM B150 / B150M, phaj, ntawv thiab sawb rau ASTM B171 / B171M, thiab seamless raj rau ASTM B111 / B111M, nrog forged thiab machined qhov chaw tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no.
Q: Vim li cas qhov ntsuas cua txias qhov tseem ceeb?
Nws txiav txim siab npaum li cas cov txhuas nyob hauv cov kua nplaum thiab cov hlau zoo npaum li cas - cov khoom nplua nuj tau tawg mus. Kev tswj kom txias sai sai ua raws li kev ua haujlwm kub kom raug muab cov alpha sib xws - ntxiv rau -kappa qauv nrog cov khoom zoo thiab ruaj khov.
