American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) tau tsim ib qho kev sib koom ua ke rau kev tsim lub siab (los yog mob) ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, magnesium, thiab lawv cov khoom. Phau ntawv qhia no qhia meej txog qhov system, tsom rau cov tooj liab - tshwj xeeb cov npe. Tshwj xeeb, "H" npe (xws liH08, H10, H14) tshwj xeeb qhia ntau theem ntawm txias- ua haujlwm ( lim- hardened) tempers.
Tau txais cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntxaws ntxaws
Basic Temper Designations
Lub kaw lus yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ib lossis ob lub - tsab ntawv ua ntej uas txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom.
| Ua ntej | Basic Temper | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|---|
| O | Annealed | Mos mob ua tiav los ntawm annealing kom tau raws li txhua yam khoom. |
| OS | Annealed (Special Grain Size) | Annealed kom tau raws li qhov tshwj xeeb, standardized grain loj yuav tsum tau. |
| M | Raws li Manufactured | Raws li - nrum lossis kub - ua haujlwm tau zoo, nrog ntau yam kev tswj hwm thaum tsim khoom. |
| H | Ua haujlwm txias (Txoj kev-Hardened) | Cov xwm txheej tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj cov khoom txias ua haujlwm. (Qhov no yog qeb rau H08, H10, thiab lwm yam.) |
| HR | Txias Ua Haujlwm & Kev Nyuaj Siab -Relieved | Txias ua haujlwm rau tus nqi tswj hwm, tom qab ntawd kev ntxhov siab- tau txo qis. |
| HT | Kev kho cua sov | Txias ua hauj lwm thiab tom qab ntawd muab ib qho qis - qhov kub thiab txias kho kom muaj zog ntxiv. |
| T | Thaum tshav kub kub kho | Cov xwm txheej ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cua sov thiab cua txias sai (rau cov hlau uas tuaj yeem ua nag lossis daus hardened). |
| W | Raws li Welded | Rau cov welded tubing, qhov tseem ceeb khaws cia qhov kub ntawm cov sawb / band siv, tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv tshav kub - cuam tshuam cheeb tsam. |
Paub meej subdivisions rau Key Tempers
Cov kev taw qhia yooj yim yog ua raws li cov lej (thiab qee zaum cov ntawv ntxiv) txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb. Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus rau ntau pawg, suav nrog H tempers thov.
1. H (Cold Worked) Tempers – los ntawm mos mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Cov lej no qhia txog qib hardness thiab lub zog nce ntxiv vim kev ua haujlwm txias.
H00 – 1/8 Hard
H01 – 1/4 Hard
H02 – 1/2 Hard
H03 – 3/4 Hard
H04 – Hnyav
H06 – Ntxiv Hard
H08 – Caij nplooj ntoos hlav
H10 - Lub Caij Nplooj Hlav
H12 – Caij nplooj ntoos hlav tshwj xeeb
H13 - Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav Ntxiv
H14 - Caij nplooj ntoos hlav siab tshaj plaws
2. O (Annealed) Tempers
Cov no qhia txog keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab qib ntawm kev sib tsoo.
O10 - Raws li Cast thiab Annealed (Homogenized)
O20 - Kub Forged thiab Annealed
O25 - Kub Rolled thiab Annealed
O30 - Kub Extruded thiab Annealed
O50 / O51 - Lub teeb Anneal
O60 / O61 - Annealed (Soft)
O65 - Annealed Tom qab kos duab
O70 - Tuag Soft Annealed
3. T (kub kho) Tempers - Subcategories
Pawg complex no siv tsab ntawv thib ob (piv txwv li, TQ, TB) los txhais hom kev kho cua sov.
TQ - Kho Thaum tshav kub kub kho thiab quenched
TB - Tshuaj Kho Thaum Tshav Kub Kub
TD - Kev kho cua sov thiab txias ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, TD04: Cov tshuaj kho thiab txias ua haujlwm rau kev kub ntxhov)
TF - Kev daws Thaum tshav kub kub kho thiab nag lossis daus hardened
TH - Kev daws cov cua sov kho, txias ua haujlwm, thiab nag lossis daus nyuaj (piv txwv li, TH04: Kev kub ntxhov siab tom qab kho tag nrho)
TS - Cold Ua Haujlwm thiab Spinodally Hardened (piv txwv li, TS08: Caij nplooj ntoos hlav temper ntawm spinodal hardening)
4. W (welded) Tempers - Subcategories
Cov no qhia txog kev npau taws ntawm qhov pib strip thiab ib qho kev tshaj tawm -welding processing.
WM - Welded los ntawm sawb ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb temper (xws li, WM04: Welded los ntawm nyuaj temper sawb)
WO - Welded thiab Annealed
WH - Welded thiab Cold Drawn
WR – Welded, Cold Drawn, thiab Stress -Relieved
Yuav txhais li cas rau Code (Piv txwv: H10)
Ib code zoo liH10yog txhais raws li nram no:
Prefix (H):Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yogUa haujlwm txias.
Tus lej (10):Qhov tshwj xeeb sub- qeb hauv txias- ua haujlwm kub yogLub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav.
Lub ntsiab lus:Cov khoom siv tau txias ua haujlwm rau qib uas muab cov khoom siv kho tshuab (hardness, tensile zog, yield zog) txhais rau "High Spring" temper raws li tus qauv ASTM.
Summary Table of Key H Tempers
| Temper Designation | Kev piav qhia dav dav | Hom Daim Ntawv Thov / Cov Khoom Ua Kom Zoo |
|---|---|---|
| H00 (1/8 nyuaj) | Me ntsis nce lub zog tshaj annealed, zoo formability. | Tsim cov haujlwm uas xav tau qee lub zog. |
| H02 (1/2 Hard) | Lub zog nruab nrab thiab zoo ductility. | Ib tug dav siv dav - lub hom phiaj temper. |
| H04 (Huab) | Siab zog, txo ductility. | Cov ntawv thov kom muaj zog thiab hnav tsis kam. |
| H08 (Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav) | Spring temper zog. | Hluav taws xob tiv tauj, springs xav tau zoo conductivity. |
| H10 (High Spring) | Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav siab dua li H08. | Stiffer springs, hloov cov khoom. |
| H14 (lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav siab tshaj plaws) | Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav siab tshaj plaws ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. | Cov ntawv thov caij nplooj ntoos hlav tseem ceeb uas xav tau kev txwv siab tshaj plaws. |
Peb cov khoom lag luam
| Yam khoom | Khoom npe | Cov Qib Standard | Ntsiab Specifications (Tswj) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper Tubes / Cov kav dej | • Ncaj & Coiled Tubes • Tube tub yees • Capillary Tubes • Kub Exchanger Tubes |
C11000 (ETP tooj liab) C12200 (DHP Phosphorous tooj liab) C12000 (DLP Phosphorous Copper) TS EN 12735-1: CU-DHP JIS H3300: C1220, C1100 |
Txuj: ASTM B75, B88, B280, EN 12735 OD: 3mm - 300mm Phab ntsa Thickness: 0.3mm - 10mm Cov xwm txheej: Annealed (O), Hard (H) |
|
| Copper Sheets / Phaj | • Kub Rolled Phaj • Cov Ntawv Txias Rolled • Txiav- mus rau -Size Blanks |
C11000 (ETP tooj liab) C10200 (Oxygen-Dawb tooj liab) C26000 Cartridge tooj dag C70600 (90-10 CuNi) |
Txuj: ASTM B152, B465 Thickness: 0.5mm - 50mm (Plates: >3 hli) Dav: mus txog 1500mm Ntev: mus txog 4000mm los yog kev cai Cov xwm txheej: Rolled, annealed, zeb tiav |
|
| Copper Qws / Bars | • Hloov, Square, Hexagonal Rods • Copper Alloy Rods • Precision av Bars |
C11000 (ETP tooj liab) C36000 (Dawb-Txiav tooj dag) C26000 Cartridge tooj dag C10200 (Oxygen-Dawb tooj liab) C17200 (Beryllium tooj liab) |
Txuj: ASTM B187, B301, EN 12163, 12164 Txoj kab uas hla: 2mm - 200mm Ntev: Ncaj tuav mus txog 6m, coils muaj Cov xwm txheej: Kos, extruded, annealed |
|
| Tooj Hlau | • Tooj liab liab (Nruab / mos) • Enamelled (Magnet) Hlau • Stranded & Bunched Hlau • Braided Hlau & Flexibles |
C11000 (ETP tooj liab) C10200 (Oxygen-Dawb tooj liab) C10100 (C-NTAWM tooj liab) Qib: 1/2 Hard, 1/4 Hard, Mos |
Txuj: ASTM B1, B2, B3, IEC 60228 Txoj kab uas hla: 0.05mm - 12mm (liab qab) Conductivity: 100% IACS min. Ntim: Spools, coils, nruas |
|
| Copper Foils | • Rolled Strips (hauv Coils) • Nyias Foils • Connector Alloy Sawb |
C11000 (ETP tooj liab) C26000 Cartridge tooj dag C19210 (Phosphor Bronze, 1.0%) C26800 (Yaj Brass) |
Txuj: ASTM B152, B465, EN 1652 Thickness: 0.05mm - 3.0 hli (Strips),<0.05mm (Foil) Dav: 10mm - 600mm (qhov dav dav dav) Cov yam ntxwv: Hard (H), 1/2 Hard, Mos (O), dov temper |
Peb lub Hoobkas
Peb yog ib lub chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy, nrog rau cov raj, pas nrig, tuav, daim hlau, cov ntawv txheeb, cov hlua, thiab cov xov hlau. Peb qhov chaw yog nruab nrog cov kab ntau lawm niaj hnub featuring extrusion presses, nruam casting tshuab, precision dov mills, kos duab lub rooj zaum, thiab tswj annealing furnaces, ua rau peb tswj tag nrho cov txheej txheem los ntawm raw khoom mus rau cov khoom tiav. Kev txhawb nqa los ntawm -lub tsev kuaj mob rau kev lees paub zoo thiab ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb (ASTM, EN, JIS), peb muab cov kev daws teeb meem, kev ntim khoom txhim khu kev qha, thiab cov khoom xa tawm tau zoo los pab cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb hauv HVAC&R, hluav taws xob, tsheb, thiab kev lag luam.
tooj liab khoom ntim
Peb ua tib zoo saib xyuas hauv kev ntim khoom kom ntseeg tau tias peb cov khoom siv tooj liab tuaj txog hauv qhov zoo. Cov ntim khoom txheem suav nrog cov dej noo- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus, cov ntoo ruaj khov lossis cov pallets, thiab lub kaum sab xis tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj thaum caij tsheb npav. Rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv oxidation, xws li siab - purity tooj liab raj los yog finely tiav nto, peb kuj muabxaiv tau nitrogen-purged (inert gas) ntimthaum thov. Qhov kev pabcuam no ua rau txo qis oxidation ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntev -kev thauj mus los lossis chaw cia, ua kom koj cov khoom tswj xyuas lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum tuaj txog.
