ASTM B111 C68700 txhuas tooj dag rajtus nqi yog li ntawm $ 8 mus rau $ 25 ib kilogram, nyob ntawm seb qhov loj me, qhov kub thiab txias, kom muaj nuj nqis, thiab kho qhov chaw.Rau ib tug raug 25mm OD x 2.0mm phab ntsa raj, buyers them $12-18 ib kg ntawm GNEE (Suav teb). Phau ntawv qhia no rhuav tshem cov nqi ntawm cov nqi thiab qhia tias yuav txo tus nqi yuav khoom li cas yam tsis muaj kev txi zoo.
Yam # 1: Sab Nraum Sab Nraud thiab Phab Ntsa Thickness
Cov raj me me (OD 6-15 mm) raug nqi ntau dua ib kg dua li qhov ntau thiab tsawg (OD 20-50 mm).
GNEE nqe los ntawm qhov loj me (C68700-O60, 500 kg xaj):
| OD (mm) | Phab ntsa (mm) | Nqe ib kg (USD) | Nqe ib ' meter ' (USD) | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 hli | 2.0mm ib | $14-18 | $8-10 | OD me - tus nqi siab dua |
| 19 hli | 2.0mm ib | $12-15 | $12-15 | Common size - tus nqi zoo tshaj |
| 25 hli | 2.0mm ib | $11-14 | $14-18 | Feem ntau - tus nqi zoo tshaj |
| 32 hli | 2.5 hli | $12-15 | $24-30 | Cov phab ntsa loj dua - cov khoom siv ntau dua |
| 50 mm | 3.0mm ib | $13-16 | $45-55 | Loj OD - hwm |
| 100 hli | 5.0mm ib | $18-22 | $180-220 | Loj heev - kev cai txiav txim |
Vim li cas cov raj me me raug nqi ntau dua:Yuav tsum tau kos duab ntau dua. Kev tsis lees paub ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Tib qhov teeb tsa tus nqi sib kis tsawg dua kg.
GNEE cov lus qhia:Rau tus nqi zoo tshaj ib kg, xaiv OD 19-32 hli thiab phab ntsa 2.0-2.5 hli. Cov no yog cov khoom loj. Kev cai qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntxiv 15-25% rau tus nqi.
Yam #2: Temper (O60 Annealed vs H80 Hard Drawn vs Aged)
Annealed (O60) yog tus qauv thiab tus nqi qis tshaj. Hnub nyoog ntxiv 10-15%. H80 zoo ib yam li O60.
Nqe sib piv los ntawm temper (25mm x 2.0mm, 500 kg):
| Kub | Nqe ib kg (USD) | hwm vs O60 | Kev siv yam |
|---|---|---|---|
| O60 (ntxiv) | $11-14 | Lub hauv paus | Tube ntawv expansion, dabtsi yog khoov |
| H80 (hloov tau) | $12-15 | +5-10% | Ncaj piping, tsis muaj kev sib sau |
| Hnub nyoog ntawm 300 degree | $13-17 | +10-15% | High erosion, kiv cua shafts |
Vim li cas cov laus raug nqi ntau dua:Kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau 2 teev ntawm 300℃nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub hluav taws xob tswj. Ntxiv tuav thiab tswj kom zoo. GNEE khiav cov kev ntsuam xyuas hardness ntawm txhua lub raj muaj hnub nyoog (180 HB yam tsawg kawg nkaus).
GNEE kev pom zoo:Tsis txhob them rau cov laus tshwj tsis yog tias koj xav tau qhov hardness. Rau 90% ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, O60 ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb # 3: Ntau thiab Yam Tsawg Tshaj Tawm (MOQ)
Tus nqi poob qis dua 1,000 kg. Hauv qab MOQ, cov neeg yuav khoom them tus nqi them.
GNEE ntim nqi (C68700-O60, 25mm x 2.0mm):
| Order Quantity (kg) | Nqe ib kg (USD) | Hwm vs 10,000 kg |
|---|---|---|
| 100 kg (piv txwv) | $22-28 | +80-100% |
| 500kg (MOQ txheem) | $14-18 | +20-30% |
| 1,000 kg | $12-15 | +10-15% |
| 5,000 kg | $11-13 | +5-10% |
| 10, 000+ kg | $10-12 | Lub hauv paus |
MOQ piav qhia:
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg (OD 12-50 hli, phab ntsa 2-5 hli): MOQ=500 kg
Tsis yog - qhov loj me: MOQ=1,000 kg
Nano-kho cov hlab: MOQ=200 kg (qis dua vim GNEE xav txhawb)
Qauv xaj: 50-200 kg txais ntawm tus nqi siab dua ib kg
GNEE cov lus qhia:Muab ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim kom ncav cuag 1,000 kg. Tus nqi tawg ntawm 1,000 kg txuag 15-20% piv rau 500 kg.
Yam #4: Kev Kho Ntog - Raws li-Drawn vs Polished vs Nano-Kho
Raws li - kos yog pheej yig tshaj. Polished ntxiv 5-10%. Nano-kho ntxiv 18-22%.
Tus nqi kho deg (25mm x 2.0mm, 1,000 kg):
| Kev kho saum npoo | Nqe ib kg (USD) | Premium vs As -Drawn | Tau txais txiaj ntsig |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raws li - kos (tus qauv) | $11-14 | Lub hauv paus | Txaus siab rau feem ntau |
| Polished (tsuas yog sab hauv) | $12-15 | +5-10% | Txo biofouling |
| Polished (hauv + sab nraud) | $13-16 | +10-15% | Marine tsos |
| Nano- kho | $14-18 | +18-22% | +40% corrosion life |
Thaum twg them rau nano-kev kho mob:
Polluted los yog sulfide-muaj dej hiav txwv
Tsis tshua muaj dej ntws los yog nyob ruaj khov (cov dej tua hluav taws)
Warm water >30℃(kev pheej hmoo biofouling)
Desalination nroj tsuag (ntxiv sijhawm tu ncua)
Thaum zoo li - kos zoo:
Ntxuav dej hiav txwv qhib
Flow velocity >1 m / s nruam
Kub<25°C
Cov peev nyiaj- txwv cov haujlwm
GNEE data:Nano- kho C68700 them rau nws tus kheej hauv 3-8 lub hlis rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov dej hiav txwv los ntawm kev txo qis kev tu thiab lub neej ntev dua.
Factor #5: Daim ntawv pov thawj thiab thib peb-Kev tshuaj xyuas tog
Standard EN 10204 3.1 daim ntawv pov thawj suav nrog. Hom 3.2 lossis chav kawm ntawv pej xeem stamp ntxiv tus nqi.
Daim ntawv pov thawj tus nqi:
| Hom ntawv pov thawj | Tus nqi ntxiv rau kev txiav txim | Yam Koj Tau Txais |
|---|---|---|
| EN 10204 3.1 (tus qauv) | $0 (nrog) | GNEE lab kuaj daim ntawv qhia, traceable rau cua sov |
| EN 10204 3.2 | $200-500 | Thib peb-tso pov thawj (SGS/BV) |
| ABS stamp | $300-600 ib qhov loj | American Bureau of Shipping pom zoo |
| DNV stamp | $300-600 ib qhov loj | Det Norske Veritas pom zoo |
| LR stamp | $300-600 ib qhov loj | Lloyd's Register tso cai |
| Cov neeg siv khoom pov thawj | $500-1, 000 + mus ncig | Cov neeg yuav khoom tuaj koom ASTM G48 xeem ntawm GNEE lab |
GNEE kev pom zoo:Rau feem ntau cov neeg yuav khoom, EN 10204 3.1 txaus. Them rau cov nyiaj pab hauv chav kawm ntawv tsuas yog tias koj daim ntawv cog lus xav tau lawv. Hom 3.2 tsis tshua xav tau - 3.1 tau txais los ntawm 95% ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom.
Factor #6: Kev xa khoom qhov chaw thiab Shipping
Kev xa tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj ntxiv $ 0.5-2.00 ib kg nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov ntau.
Shipping nqi kwv yees (ib kg, hiav txwv freight, 1,000 kg txiav txim):
| Qhov chaw | Kwv yees Freight (USD / kg) | Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Them Nqi (USD/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Suav teb | $0.10-0.20 | $11.10-14.20 |
| Southeast Asia (Singapore, Nyab Laj) | $0.40-0.80 | $11.40-14.80 |
| Middle East (UAE, Saudi) | $0.60-1.00 | $11.60-15.00 |
| Teb chaws Europe (Rotterdam, Hamburg) | $0.80-1.20 | $11.80-15.20 |
| USA (West Coast) | $1.00-1.50 | $12.00-15.50 |
| USA (East Coast) | $1.20-1.80 | $12.20-15.80 |
| South America (Brazil) | $1.00-1.60 | $12.00-15.60 |
Air freight (rau kev txiav txim ceev):Ntxiv $5-8 ib kg. Kev xa khoom hauv 3-7 hnub tsis yog 25-35 hnub.
GNEE cov lus qhia:Muab kev txiav txim kom sau lub thawv 20-ko taw (kwv yees li 18,000 kg ntawm cov raj). Tus nqi thauj khoom ib kg poob los ntawm 40-50%. GNEE tuaj yeem tuav koj qhov kev txiav txim mus txog 60 hnub thaum koj khaws ntau.
Factor #7: Raw Material Copper Price fluctuation
C68700 tus nqi taug qab LME tus nqi tooj liab. Thaum tooj liab txav $ 1,000 / tuj, C68700 tus nqi txav $ 0.80-1.00 ib kg.
Tus nqi tam sim no (2025):
LME tooj liab: $ 8,500-9,500 ib tuj
C68700 lub hauv paus mis: (LME tooj liab × 0.78) + tus nqi ua haujlwm + cov npoo
Tus nqi ua: $ 2-4 ib kg nyob ntawm qhov loj me
Copper tus nqi cuam tshuam piv txwv:
| LME Copper Nqe | C68700 Nqe (25mm, 1,000 kg) | Hloov |
|---|---|---|
| $7,500/ton | $10-12 ib kg | Tsawg |
| $8,500/ton (tam sim no) | $11-14 ib kg | Lub hauv paus |
| $9,500/ton | $12-15 ib kg | +$1/kg |
| $10,500/ton | $13-17 ib kg | + $2 / kg |
Yuav tswj hwm tus nqi tooj liab li cas:
Thov tus nqi tas li rau 30-60 hnub los ntawm GNEE
Muab cov xaj loj dua tsawg dua (tooj liab nruab nrab tawm)
Ask GNEE about copper hedging (available for orders >10,000 kg)
GNEE note:GNEE cov nqi raug kho rau 14 hnub ntawm cov ntawv sau. Rau qhov project pob nyiaj siv, xav tias $ 12-15 ib kg rau tus qauv C68700.
C68700 vs Cheaper Alternatives
Tus nqi pheej yig dua feem ntau txhais tau tias tus nqi siab dua lub neej. Nov yog 15-xyoo TCO kev sib piv:
Scenario:Seawater txias system, 1,000 meters ntawm 25mm raj, 15-xyoo kev ua haujlwm.
| Nqi Factor | C68700 | C27000 (Yaj Brass) | Galvanized hlau |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khoom siv | $14,000 | $9,800 | $4,200 |
| Installation ua haujlwm | $8,000 | $8,000 | $12,000 (welding) |
| Thawj tus nqi tag nrho | $22,000 | $17,800 | $16,200 |
| Cia siab rau txoj sia | 15-20 xyoo | 2-3 xyoos | 3-5 xyoos |
| Kev hloov pauv hauv 15 xyoo | 0 | 5-7 zaug | 3-4 zaug |
| Hloov tus nqi | $0 | $89,000-125,000 | $48,000-64,000 |
| Downtime nqi (poob ntau lawm) | $0 | $50,000-100,000 | $30,000-60,000 |
| 15-xyoo TCO | $22,000 | $157,000-243,000 | $94,000-140,000 |
Xaus:C68700 raug nqi ntau dua tab sis txuag $ 135,000-220,000 tshaj 15 xyoo piv rau tooj dag daj.
FAQ
Q1: Tus nqi tam sim no ntawm ASTM B111 C68700 txhuas tooj dag raj ntawm GNEE yog dab tsi?
A: $ 11-14 ib kg rau tus qauv loj (25mm x 2.0mm) O60 temper, 1,000 kg xaj, FOB Tuam Tshoj.
Nqe suav nrog EN 10204 3.1 daim ntawv pov thawj zeb, ASTM G48 dezincification test report, thiab txheem export ntim. Ntxiv $2-4 rau ib kg rau nano-kho kho mob, hnub nyoog npau taws, lossis cov nyiaj pab hauv zej zog. Hu rau GNEE rau cov lus qhia ruaj khov nrog koj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb.
Q2: Vim li cas C68700 kim dua tus qauv tooj dag (C27000)?
A: C68700 muaj 1.5-2.5% txhuas thiab muaj kev tswj xyuas nruj dua.
Aluminium yog kim dua zinc. C68700 tseem yuav tsum tau kos duab ntau dua thiab 100% eddy kev sim tam sim no. Tus nqi sib txawv yog 20-40% - tab sis C68700 kav ntev li 8-10 zaug hauv dej hiav txwv. Tshaj 15 xyoos, C68700 yog pheej yig dua.
Q3: Puas yog GNEE muab cov luv nqi rau kev txiav txim loj?
A: Yog - tus nqi poob 15-25% ntawm 5,000 kg thiab 25-35% ntawm 20,000 kg (tag nrho ntim).
Piv txwv li: 25mm x 2.0mm O60. 500 kg=$14-18/kg. 5,000 kg=$11-13/kg. 20,000 kg=$9-11/kg. Hu rau GNEE rau lub sijhawm luv nqi ntim.
Q4: Ntau npaum li cas nano- kho C68700 tus nqi piv rau tus qauv?
A: Nano- kho ntxiv 18-22% rau tus nqi pib.
Standard 25mm raj: $11-14/kg. Nano- kho: $14-18/kg. Tus nqi ntxiv them rov qab hauv 3-8 lub hlis los ntawm kev txo qis, lub neej ntev dua, thiab kev kaw tsawg dua. Rau cov dej tsis huv los yog cov dej ntws qis, GNEE pom zoo kom kho nano txawm tias tus nqi siab dua.
Q5: Dab tsi yog suav nrog hauv GNEE C68700 tus nqi?
A: FOB Tuam Tshoj tus nqi suav nrog: raj, EN 10204 3.1 daim ntawv pov thawj, ASTM G48 daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev xeem, kev ntim khoom (ntoo crates), thiab kev thauj khoom.
Tsis suav nrog: hiav txwv freight, kev tuav pov hwm, lub luag haujlwm ntshuam, kev xa khoom hauv hiav txwv ntawm qhov chaw, lossis thib peb- kev tshuaj xyuas. GNEE tuaj yeem npaj shipping ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom tus nqi. Thov CIF lossis DDP tus nqi rau tus nqi xa khoom.
100% Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Ib ASTM B111 / C68700 - Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Pom Zoo
Txhua yam khoom siv C68700 tau dhau los ua ntau yam -cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas:
1) Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leegkuaj xyuas los ntawm Oxford Spectrometer (lub rooj sib tham ASTM B111 / B135).
2) Mechanical zogkuaj ntawm 300kN universal tester rau tensile lub zog (Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 370MPa) thiab hardness (80-110 HRB).
3) Dimensional raugkuaj los ntawm laser micrometer thiab pneumatic ntsuas.
4) Kev tiv thaiv -corrosion validationsuav nrog mercurous nitrate test thiab dezincification qhov tob tsom xam (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 200μm ib ASTM B858).
5) Tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj- 100% eddy tam sim no los yog ultrasonic tsis pom kev.
Peb muab daim ntawv pov thawj traceable mill test (MTC) rau txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj, nrog rau thib peb -kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (SGS/BV) muaj raws li qhov kev thov.
Export -Packing - Anti-Xeb & Ntoo Case
Tom qab kev soj ntsuam dhau lawm, tag nrho cov raj tau ntim raws li cov qauv xa tawm thiab cov neeg siv khoom - cov cai tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem ntim khoom tau sau tseg hauv qab no kom paub meej txog kev taug qab thiab kev puas tsuaj - pub dawb.
Ntim cov kauj ruam qhia hauv video & duab:
1. Tube tu & ziab
2. Cov kaus mom yas kawg ntawm ob qhov kawg
3. VCI los tiv thaiv- xeb daim ntawv qhwv
4. Bundle strapping nrog noo noo barrier zaj duab xis
5. Plywood ntoo rooj plaub (ISPM-15 raws) nrog ua npuas ncauj padding
6. Daim ntawv lo nrog ASTM qib, ntau tus lej, thiab cov ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas
Peb lub Hoobkas & Khoom siv
Peb C68700 (Aluminium Brass) cov kab ntau lawm yog nruab nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees - tau txais kev txuas txuas txuas ntxiv, siab -precision tandem txias dov mills, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem hauv online. Lub tshuab casting tshuab ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib faib ntawm txhuas thiab arsenic cov ntsiab lus, thaum nyob hauv - kab eddy tam sim no kuaj cov cuab yeej saib xyuas qhov tsis xws luag hauv lub sijhawm. Nrog CNC- tswj kev ncaj thiab txiav tshuab, peb tuaj yeem muab C68700 cov raj thiab cov pas nrig hauv kev cai ntev (± 0.5mm kam rau ua), txhawb OD los ntawm 6mm txog 219mm rau condenser thiab heat exchanger applications.
Copper & Copper Alloy Cov Khoom - Cov Khoom Muag Khoom
| Yam khoom | Common Alloys / Qib | Qhov Loj | Cov qauv | Tej kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tube / Tube | C12200, C11000, C68700, C70600, C71500, C44300, C27000 | OD: 4mm-219mm Phab ntsa: 0.5mm-20mm Ntev: mus txog 15m |
ASTM B68, B75, B111, B280, B359, B466 | Kub exchangers, condensers, HVAC, kav dej, roj txias |
| Phaj / Ntawv | C11000, C12200, C26000, C26800, C52100, C68700 | Loj: 0.5mm-50mm Dav: mus txog 1200mm Ntev: mus txog 4000mm |
ASTM B152, B169, B103, B465 | Hluav taws xob qhov chaw, ru tsev, gaskets, industrial panels |
| Qws / Bar | C11000, C26000, C36000, C46400, C48500, C63000 | Loj: 3mm-120mm Ntev: 1m - 6m (los yog kev cai) |
ASTM B16, B124, B138, B150, B453 | Valve stems, shafts, fasteners, machined Cheebtsam |
| Hlau | C11000, C16200, C17500, C26000, C52100, C64700 | Loj: 0.1mm-12mm Coil hnyav: mus txog 100kg |
ASTM B1, B2, B3, B197, B206, B624 | Vuam electrodes, hluav taws xob conductors, springs, mesh |
| Sawb / Ntawv Nyiaj | C11000, C19400, C26000, C26800, C52100, C70250 | Loj: 0.05mm-3.0mm Dav: 5mm-600mm |
ASTM B36, B465, B694, B888 | Connectors, terminals, roj teeb tabs, shielding, stamping qhov chaw |
Tshawb xyuas Hnub no Cov Tshuag & Lub Sijhawm Lead
