Tooj liab thiab nws cov alloys tseem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, thiab workability. Ntawm cov qib tooj liab ntau, C11000 (ETP Copper), C12000 (DLP Copper), thiab C12200 (DHP Copper) yog peb qhov kev qhia dav tshaj plaws. Nkag siab txog lawv cov khoom sib txawv, tswj hwm feem ntau los ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus oxygen thiab phosphorus, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim thiab tsim khoom.
Fundamental Classification thiab Composition
C11000 (Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper - ETP):Qhov no yog tus qauv, tsis yog -deoxidized muaj ntshiab tooj liab. Nws muaj cov tswj cov pa oxygen (0.02%-0.04%) uas muaj xws li tooj liab oxide (Cu₂O) hauv microstructure. Nws muajtsis txhob txwm phosphorus ntxiv.
C12000 (Deoxidized Tsawg- Phosphorus Copper - DLP):Qhov no yog deoxidized tooj liab qhov twg me me, meej npaum li cas ntawm phosphorus (0.004% -0.012%) yog ntxiv rau scavenge oxygen, tsim phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) uas volatilizes. Qhov no ua rau muaj cov pa oxygen thiab phosphorus tsawg heev.
C12200 (Deoxidized Siab- Phosphorus Copper - DHP):Qhov no kuj yog ib qho phosphorus -deoxidized tooj liab, tab sis nrog txhob txwm siab dua cov ntsiab lus phosphorus (0.015%-0.040%). Cov qib phosphorus siab dua ua kom tiav deoxidation thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb.
Cov khoom sib piv
| Khoom | C11000 (ETP) | C12000 (DLP) | C12200 (DHP) | Technical Implication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hluav taws xob conductivity | Zoo heev (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 101% IACS) | Siab heev (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 98% IACS) | Zoo (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 85% IACS) | C11000 yog tus qauv rau kev coj ua. C12000 khaws cia nyob ze -ntshiab conductivity, thaum C12200's raug txo los ntawm phosphorus tawg electrons. |
| Thermal conductivity | Zoo heev (~ 390-400 W / m·K) | Siab heev (~ 340-380 W / m·K) | Zoo (~ 250-340 W / m·K) | Ua raws li qhov sib xws rau hluav taws xob conductivity. Qhov tseem ceeb rau cov dab dej kub thiab cov cua kub exchanger efficiency. |
| Weldability & Brazability | Tsis zoo rau fusion vuam hauv kev txo cov cua. Risk ntawm Hydrogen Embrittlement. | Zoo heev. Immune rau hydrogen embrittlement. Zoo rau txhua qhov vuam / brazing. | Superior. Zoo heev brazability; phosphorus tuaj yeem ua tus kheej -fluxing agent. | Lub xub ntiag ntawm Cu₂O nyob rau hauv C11000 reacts nrog hydrogen (piv txwv li, los ntawm nplaim taws vuam) ua rau micro- tawg. Deoxidized qib (C12xxx) muaj kev nyab xeeb. |
| Kub ua haujlwm | Fair rau Zoo. Nws tuaj yeem nkig thaum lub sijhawm kub. | Zoo heev. | Zoo heev. Phosphorus ho txhim kho kub ductility. | C12200 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kub extrusion, forging, thiab dov cov duab. |
| Corrosion Resistance | Zoo nyob rau hauv standard atmospheres. | Zoo heev. Zoo siab -temp oxidation tsis kam tshaj C11000. | Zoo heev. Superior tiv thaiv rau scaling, yaig-corrosion, thiab dezincification. | Cov phosphorus siab dua txhim kho qhov tsim ntawm ntau ruaj khov, tiv thaiv zaj duab xis. |
| Lub Ntsiab Tsim Lub Zog | Maximum Hluav Taws Xob / Thermal Conductivity | Qhov zoo tshaj qhov sib npaug: High Conductivity + Fabricability | Maximum Fabricability & Brazability | C12000 yog qhov "zoo tshaj plaws kev sib haum xeeb" alloy. |
| Tuag tsis tuag / txwv | Susceptible rau Hydrogen Embrittlement. | Tsawg conductivity tsawg dua C11000. | Tsawg conductivity ntawm peb. | Dictates ciam teb daim ntawv thov. |
Daim Ntawv Thov -Txoj Kev Xaiv Raws Li Txoj Cai
Xaiv C11000 (ETP Copper) thaum:
Qhov siab tshaj plaws hluav taws xob lossis thermal conductivity yog qhov tsis yog -kev sib tham # 1 qhov tseem ceeb.
Piv txwv daim ntawv thov:
Hluav taws xob busbars, fais fab kis cables, thiab transformer windings.
Tsis yog -welded, siab - tam sim no cov hluav taws xob tiv tauj thiab cov khoom txuas.
Waveguides thiab lwm yam RF Cheebtsam uas cov teeb liab poob yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg.
Kho kom zoo nkauj daim ntaub ntawv qhov twg ci annealed tiav yog xav tau (thiab yuav tsis tau welded).
Xaiv C12000 (DLP Copper) thaum:
Koj yuav tsum tau muaj cov conductivity siab thiab txhim khu kev qha weldability / brazability.
Koj xav tau ib qho kev nyab xeeb deoxidized tooj liab rau lub tshuab siab tseem ceeb.
Piv txwv daim ntawv thov:
Welded los yog brazed heat exchangers thiab condenser raj (qhov twg efficiency tseem ceeb).
Kev kho mob roj piping (ASTM B819) thiab tubing tub yees.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev twj Cheebtsam thiab hluav taws xob pob headers.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau soldered lossis welded yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm embrittlement.
Xaiv C12200 (DHP Copper) thaum:
Yooj yim ntawm fabrication, superior brazability, thiab corrosion kuj tseem ceeb tshaj li saum toj -tier conductivity.
Piv txwv daim ntawv thov:
Cov kav dej, fittings, thiab li qub rau cov kav dej siv tau.
HVAC/R (Air Conditioning & Refrigeration) tubing (ACR tube).
Architectural ru tsev, flashing, thiab gutters.
General sheet hlau ua hauj lwm, tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab txheej txheem nkoj.
Kev xaiv ntawm C11000, C12000, thiab C12200 zoo nkauj qhia txog kev lag luam metallurgical tseem ceeb-tawm.Phosphorus yog qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb.Nws ntxiv transforms cov khoom:
Los ntawm C11000 rau C12000:Ntxiv me me ntawm phosphorus (~ 0.01%)kev txi tsawg dua 3% conductivitytab sistag nrho tshem tawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hydrogen embrittlement, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg vuam thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kub. Qhov no feem ntau yog kev lag luam zoo heev.
Los ntawm C12000 rau C12200:Ntxiv phosphorus ntau dua (txog ~ 0.04%) ntxiv txhim khu kev tsim, brazing, thiab corrosion zog tab sistxo conductivity los ntawm 15-20%. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv thaum conductivity yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb thib ob rau kev tsim khoom thiab kav ntev.
Peb cov khoom lag luam
| Qeb | Cov khoom tseem ceeb | Cov qauv | Tej kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper Tubes & Cov kav dej | Seamless tooj liab raj, cov kav dej kho mob (ASTM B819), ACR hlab, cov hlab ntsha capillary, loj - txoj kab uas hla, cov kav dej kav dej (Hom K / L / M) | ASTM B68, B75, B88, B280, B819, EN1057 | HVAC, tub yees, kav dej, kev kho mob roj tshuab, kev lag luam kav |
| Copper Sheets & Phaj | Daim ntawv tooj liab ntshiab, tooj liab alloy daim hlau ( tooj dag, bronze), perforated los xij, embossed nplooj ntawv, clad ntawv | ASTM B152, B465, EN1652 | Architectural cladding, hluav taws xob Cheebtsam, tshav kub exchangers, hniav kos duab |
| Copper Bars & Qws | Round bars, square bar, hexagonal tuav, tiaj tiaj, tooj liab alloy rods ( tooj dag, bronze) | ASTM B187, B301, EN12163/12164 | Machined qhov chaw, connectors, fasteners, electrodes, forgings |
| Tooj Hlau & Strands | Tooj liab xov hlau, tinned tooj liab xov hlau, braided hlau, stranded conductors, enameled xov hlau | Raws li ASTM B1, B3, B174, IEC 60228 | Hluav taws xob thaiv, xa hluav taws xob, cables, windings, grounding systems |
| Copper Foils | Rolled tooj liab foils, electrolytic tooj liab foils, hloov tau tooj liab strips | ASTM B370, IPC-4562 | Printed circuit boards (PCBs), electromagnetic shielding, roj teeb, hniav laminates |
Peb lub Hoobkas
Peb lub Hoobkas tau nruab nrog lub xeev - ntawm - - cov kab ntau lawm rau extrusion, dov, kos duab, thiab ua tiav. Peb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim ntau yam khoom siv tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloy, nrog rau cov raj, phaj, tuav, xov hlau, thiab foils, ua haujlwm rau HVAC thoob ntiaj teb, kev tsim kho, hluav taws xob, kev kho mob, thiab kev lag luam tsheb.
Peb tau cog lus rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tseeb, nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb suav nrog ASTM, EN, DIN, thiab JIS, thiab tuav ISO 9001 ntawv pov thawj. Peb nyob rau hauv -cov chaw soj nstuam hauv tsev ua qhov kev sim nruj heev- los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab kom siab thiab kev kuaj xyuas huv huv- xyuas kom kawg- kom - xaus traceability thiab ua raws li peb cov khoom.
Tau Txais Cov Lus Qhia Ceev & Logistics Plan
